Bachelor in Pharmacy in Canada is a 4 year, full-time program. The degree teaches students about topics like pharmaceutical production, dosages, patient safety, drug interactions, and their effect on living things and prepares them for higher studies in the similar field. The minimum eligibility criteria for Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada for an international student is 70% or more in the 12th standard, IELTS scores (6.5 or above), and original transcript(s) to be eligible for the program.
The total average tuition fee for Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada stated by top pharmacy universities in Canada is 130,000 CAD- 170,000 CAD (80 lakh- 1.04 Cr. INR). And after completion of the degree you can work as a Clinical Research Associate (CRA), Healthcare Scientist, Laboratory Manager and earn an annual average salary of 65,000 CAD (40.13 lakh INR).
Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Course Highlights
Program | BSc Pharmacology BSc Pharmaceutical Sciences |
Program Type | Full-time |
Program Duration | 4 Years |
Eligibility Criteria | Higher Secondary School Certificate |
English Proficiency Requirements | IELTS (6.5 or above) TOEFL (89+) |
Total Tuition Fee Range | 130,000 CAD- 170,000 CAD (80 lakh- 1.04 Cr. INR) |
Average Salary | 65,000 CAD (40.13 lakh INR) |
Table of Contents
- Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Top Universities
- Why study Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada?
- Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Admissions
3.1 Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada Eligibility Criteria
3.2 Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada Admission Requirements - Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Cost of study
4.1 Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada Tuition Fees
4.2 Cost of living in Canada - Scholarships for Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada
- Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Jobs and Placements
- Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Country Comparison
- FAQs
Top Universities for Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada
The degree of Bachelors in Pharmacy is available as BSc, BSc Honors, as well Co-op degrees. The following table shows the top pharmacy colleges in Canada offering Bachelor of Pharmacy and their estimated total tuition fees.
University | Program | Deadlines | Total Tuition Fees (CAD) |
---|---|---|---|
University of British Columbia | BSc Pharmaceutical Sciences | 15 January 2024 | 196,300 |
University of Toronto | BSc Pharmaceutical Chemistry | 2 June 2023 | 182,743 |
McGill University | BSc Pharmacology | NA | 175,518 |
University of Alberta | BSc Pharmacology | 1 March 2023 | 127,581 |
University of Ottawa | BSc Biopharmaceutical Science | 1 April 2023 | 139,992 |
University of Guelph | BSc Biological and Pharmaceutical Chemistry | Rolling Basis | 132,184 |
Explore: Tests required to study in Canada
Why study Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada
- With a Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada, you can study for an MSc in pharmacy or a Masters in Pharmacology in Canada. Canada is a good place to continue your PharmD education as well.
- Since the Canadian government has announced to invite more than 1 million immigrants to their country till 2023, the scope of getting better job opportunities increases for Bachelors in Pharmacyin Canada graduates.
- According to the Labour force survey (December 2022), the unemployment rate of Canada is 5.3% which would be beneficial for international students holding a degree of bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada.
- After completion of the degree you can work as a Clinical Research Associate (CRA), Healthcare Scientist, Laboratory manager and earn an annual average salary of 65,000 CAD (40.13 lakh INR).
Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Admissions
If you are planning to study in Canada then you must be prepared for a few things before applying to Canadian universities. In Canada, all universities have very similar basic requirements for bachelor's degrees in Pharmacy. However, the requirements for domestic and international students differ. The admissions process, requirements, and other details regarding how to enroll in Canadian pharmacy schools are discussed in detail in the following sections.
Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Eligibility Criteria
The following shows the general requirements set by all the top universities in Canada to be eligible for Bachelors in Pharmacy:
- Academic Degree- Matriculation average on five appropriate Grade 12 subjects or equivalent (English, French, Math, Physics, Computer Science, Biology, Chemistry).
- English Proficiency Test Score- IELTS (6.5 or above), TOEFL (89+)
- Transcript(s)- Original academic transcript from class 10-12.
Explore: Canada Student Visa Interview Preparation
Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Admission Requirements
The following table shows the specific admission requirements set by the top universities offering Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada, showing the academic requirement, english proficiency requirement, and what are the additional documents needed.
University | Academic Requirement | IELTS Score | Additional Documents |
---|---|---|---|
University of British Columbia | Graduation from a university-preparatory program at a senior secondary school with math, chemistry, biology. | 6.5 or above | Transcript(s) |
University of Toronto | Graduation from a university-preparatory program at a senior secondary school | 6.5 or above | Transcript(s) |
McGill University | Graduation from a university-preparatory program at a senior secondary school | 6.5 or above | Transcript(s) |
University of Alberta | Matriculation average on five appropriate Grade 12 subjects or equivalent (English, French, Math, Physics, Computer Science, Biology, Chemistry) | 6.5 or above | Transcript(s) |
University of Ottawa | Higher Secondary School Certificate | 6.5 or above | Transcript(s) |
University of Guelph | Completion of a Class 12 State Board Certificate in the required academic stream (English, Calculus and Vectors, 2 courses from: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, 2 additional courses) with strong First Division standing. | 6.5 or above | Transcript(s) |
Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Cost of Attendance
If you are planning to study in Canada you should know the cost you would be incurring while studying and living there. The cost of study comprises two certain amounts, i.e; tuition fees of the course and the cost of living in any city/town in Canada. This cost of study can be different from student to student depending on the choice of university.
Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Tuition Fees
The following table shows the tuition fees of universities offering Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada in Canadian dollars and what is the equivalent amount for an Indian Student in INR. The average tuition fees charged by universities for offering Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada is 130,000 CAD- 170,000 CAD (80 lakh- 1.04 Cr. INR).
University | Total Tuition Fees (CAD) | Fee for Indian Students (INR) |
---|---|---|
University of British Columbia | 196,300 | 1.21 Cr. |
University of Toronto | 182,743 | 1.12 Cr. |
McGill University | 175,518 | 1.08 Cr. |
University of Alberta | 127,581 | 78.76 Lakh |
University of Ottawa | 139,992 | 86.43 Lakh |
University of Guelph | 132,184 | 81.61 Lakh |
Cost of Living in Canada
When planning to study in Canada, the cost of living in Canada accounts for a significant portion of the costs incurred by international students, which could be different for every student. These costs include accommodation, meals, transportation, health insurance and other personal expenses. The below table shows the average expenses incurred by an international student studying in Canada.
Expense Type | Average Annual Expense (CAD)/per month | Cost for Indian Students (INR)/per month |
---|---|---|
Accommodation (off campus) | 590 | 36,000 |
Meals | 200-300 | 12,000-18,000 |
Transportation(subway) | 80 | 4,800 |
Health Insurance | 150-200 | 9,000-12,000 |
Personal Expenses | 350 | 21,000 |
Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Scholarships
There are many scholarships offered in Canada for international students which they can avail while applying for a degree in Canada. Some scholarships are offered by universities, some by the Government and some by private trusts. Following are some of the scholarships available for international students in canada.
Scholarship | Awarded by | Eligibility | Award Value |
---|---|---|---|
UVic Fellowship Awards | University of Victoria | A- average on the last two years of course work. Full-time registration (3.0 units) | 10,000 CAD per year |
Alberta Graduate Excellence Scholarship | University of Alberta | Graduate student having 3.5 or above GPA (85%-90%) | One-time payment of 12,000 CAD |
Toronto Met Graduate Fellowship | Toronto Metropolitan University | Merit based | 12,000 CAD |
Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS) | Government of Ontario | Merit based | 5,060 CAD |
Jobs and Placement opportunities after Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada
After completing the degree of Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada one can work as a Health Scientist, CRA, Laboratory Manager. And the graduate can earn an average annual salary of 65,000 CAD (40.13 Lakh INR).
Profession | Average Salary (CAD) | Salary for Indian Student (INR) |
---|---|---|
Clinical Research Associate (CRA) | 67,828 | 41.87 Lakh |
Health Scientist | 78,245 | 48.30 Lakh |
Research Technician | 46,533 | 28.72 Lakh |
Laboratory Manager | 65,186 | 40.24 Lakh |
Pharmaceutical Sales Representative | 65,828 | 40.64 Lakh |
Explore: Part-time Jobs in Canada
Bachelors in Pharmacy: Degree Comparison by Country
Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada vs USA
Parameter | Degree in Canada | Degree in USA |
---|---|---|
Duration | 4 Years | 4 Years |
Average total tuition fees | 130,000 CAD- 170,000 CAD (80 lakh- 1.04 Cr. INR) | 92,000 USD- 228,000 USD (75 lakh- 1.8 Cr. INR) |
Cost of living | 1430 CAD (88 Thousand INR) | 1,800 USD (1.4 lakh INR) |
Visa | Study Permit | F1 Student Visa |
Average salary | 65,000 CAD (40.13 lakh INR) | 70,000 USD (57.76 lakh INR) |
English language proficiency tests | IELTS (6.5 or above) TOEFL (89+) | IELTS (7.0 or above) TOEFL (90+) |
With a bachelorâs in pharmacy in Canada, you cannot work as a registered pharmacist. However, you can either choose to continue your studies in pharmacology or pharmacy, or related subjects. If you wish to become a registered pharmacist you will need a PharmD from Canada. Another added advantage of pursuing a bachelor's in pharmacy in Canada is that it opens global opportunities. You can choose to pursue your higher education in other countries as well.
Also explore: Post study work permit in Canada
FAQs
Ques. What is the cost of pursuing bachelors in pharmacy in Canada?
Ans.The total average tuition fee for Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada stated by top pharmacy universities in Canada is 130,000 CAD- 170,000 CAD (80 lakh- 1.04 Cr. INR). And the cost of living in Canada is 1430 CAD (88 Thousand INR) per month.
Ques.What can I do with a Bachelor's in Pharmacy in Canada?
Ans.With a bachelor's in pharmacy in Canada, you can choose to study master's in pharmacy, a master's in pharmacology, or further your education in relevant subjects. You can also work as a Health Scientist, Laboratory Manager and Clinical Research Associate (CRA) after completing your Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada.
Ques.What are the English language requirements to get into a Bachelor's in Pharmacy in Canada?
Ans.To get admission to a bachelor's in pharmacy with Canadian universities, you will need to submit an IELTS score of 6.5 or its equivalent TOEFL score accepted by the university.
Ques.Where can I study for a Bachelor's in Pharmacy in Canada?
Ans.Some of the top colleges for pursuing pharmacy in Canada are the University of Toronto, UBC, University of Alberta, McGill University, University of Ottawa, McMaster University, etc.
Ques.Can a graduate in Pharmacy in Canada work as a registered pharmacist in Canada?
Ans. With a bachelorâs in pharmacy in Canada, you cannot work as a registered pharmacist. However, you can either choose to continue your studies in pharmacology or pharmacy, or related subjects. If you wish to become a registered pharmacist you will need a PharmD from Canada
FAQs
How much fees for Bachelor of pharmacy in Canada? âš
...
Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Course Highlights.
Program | BSc Pharmacology BSc Pharmaceutical Sciences |
---|---|
Average Salary | 65,000 CAD (40.13 lakh INR) |
It is always best to take the TOEFL/ IELTS a year before the intake. You can register for these tests a month before. What is the deadline for September intake Canada? The Deadline for the September 2023 admissions intake is between January and February.
What is the deadline for fall 2023 in Canada? âšDeadline for September (fall) 2023 Intake in Canada
For applicants wishing to enrol in the fall of 2023, most applications will be available on August 1. Deadlines for colleges often come between November and February. Early application means submitting it earlier, typically by November.
University | QS World University Ranking 2022 | Tuition Fee for international students (in CAD) |
---|---|---|
University of Toronto | 10 | 47,120/ year |
University of British Columbia | 26 | 42,396/ year |
University of Alberta | 62 | 30,090 / year |
McGill University | 25 | 49,171/ year |
How much does a Pharmacist make in Canada? The average pharmacist salary in Canada is $96,078 per year or $49.27 per hour. Entry-level positions start at $81,738 per year, while most experienced workers make up to $142,536 per year.
What GPA do you need for pharmacy Canada? âšWhile it's still possible to get into grad school with a low GPA, pharmacy schools in Canada require a minimum of 2.5 to be considered for admission. For the more competitive programs, shoot for at least a 3.0 GPA for consideration and above to be a competitive candidate.
What is the best time to apply for fall 2023? âš...
College Application Deadlines for Fall 2023.
Application Deadline | Admission Decision | |
---|---|---|
Early Decision | November 2022 | December 2022 |
Regular Decision | January/February 2023 | March/April 2023 |
You can apply for September intake in Canada from August 2023 to October 2023. Check the deadline of the universities you want to study in and apply at least a month before your deadline.
When should I start applying for college fall 2023? âšThe majority of college applications for the 2022-2023 application cycle open on August 1, 2022. This includes both the Common and Coalition Applications.
Which colleges are open for September intake in Canada 2023? âš- University of Toronto.
- McGill University.
- University of British Columbia.
- University of Montreal.
- University of Waterloo.
- University of Ottawa.
- Western University.
- University of Alberta.
Which Canadian university is open for 2023 application? âš
- University of Toronto.
- McGill University.
- Universite de Montreal.
- University of British Columbia.
- University of Alberta.
- Queen's University.
- University of Ottawa.
- Centennial College.
An international pharmacist in Canada can definitely work as a pharmacist but they must meet all the criteria first. 2. Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada (PEBC) will review your application to ensure ECA and training meets the Canadian standards. Your skills and experience will also be reviewed.
How long is the bachelor of pharmacy program in Canada? âšHow to become a pharmacist in Canada. From high school, you'll study at university in what's called an undergraduate program. You would normally study science and typically for two years or more. You'll then apply to a pharmacy program at university, which takes a further four years to complete.
How can a foreigner become a pharmacist in Canada? âš- Enroll with Pharmacists' Gateway Canada and apply for PEBC for the Document Evaluation and Evaluating exam. ...
- Pre-register with the College. ...
- Successfully complete the English Language Proficiency (ELP) ...
- Successfully complete the Jurisprudence Examination (JE)
While ZipRecruiter is seeing annual salaries as high as $133,000 and as low as $23,000, the majority of B Pharm salaries currently range between $35,500 (25th percentile) to $61,500 (75th percentile) with top earners (90th percentile) making $106,000 annually across the United States.
What is the salary of B Pharma in USA? âšThe average pharmacist salary in the USA is $117,000 per year or $56.25 per hour. Entry level positions start at $102,835 per year while most experienced workers make up to $140,806 per year.
Which pharmacy job has highest salary in Canada? âš- Calgary, AB. $52.21 per hour. 91 salaries reported.
- Ottawa, ON. $51.73 per hour. 63 salaries reported.
- Victoria, BC. $51.64 per hour. 33 salaries reported.
- Saskatoon, SK. $51.26 per hour. 21 salaries reported.
- Edmonton, AB. $49.67 per hour. 86 salaries reported.
- Show more nearby cities.
Yes, but a Canadian pharmacist would still have to take the NABPLEX and the law exam for the states in which they wish to practice. The NABP (National Association of Boards of Pharmacy) may want to evaluate a Canadian pharmacist's educational transcript as well.
Which pharmacy school is the easiest to get into Canada? âš2. What's the easiest US and Canadian pharmacy program to get into? By acceptance rate, the easiest school is the University of Mississippi at 78%. For Canadian schools, it's UniversitÃĐ Laval.
Is Canada a good country to study pharmacy? âšCanada is home to the world's highest-ranked institutions for pharmaceutical studies.
When to apply for college 2023 2024? âš
Whether applying for early action or early decision, aim to have materials ready by November 1st for early and for regular by January 1st. Most decisions for early admissions are released mid-December and for regular decision and rolling, by April 1st.
What is the deadline for Fall 2023 in USA for international students? âšWhen should I submit my college application for fall 2023? The deadline for regular admission is January 1, 2023.
When should I apply for September 2023 intake in USA? âšStudents should start applying for the September Intake 2023 in November 2022, and can apply till July 2023.
Is 2023 a good time to migrate to Canada? âšThe country will continue to be a preferred destination for Indian immigrants in 2023. Migrating to Canada has benefits and advantages, including a better lifestyle, satisfactory living conditions, and good probabilities. There are plenty of job options that come with lucrative salary packages.
How many days before my classes I can go to Canada 2023? âšThere is no set time frame for you to arrive in Canada before you begin your studies.
Is Canada open for international students in 2023? âšImmigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) announced on 17 March 2023 that international students with post-graduation work permits (PGWPs) expiring in 2023 will be eligible for an additional 18-month work permit.
How many colleges should I apply to 2023? âšEvery year, prospective college students wonder, "How many colleges should I apply to?" As a general rule of thumb, some admissions experts recommend submitting applications to 4-12 schools.
Will it be harder or easier to get into college in 2023? âšAdmission rates for 2022-2023 have not been announced but are expected to remain just as low. Given this competitive environment, admission experts say students shouldn't assume they'll be a 'shoe-in' at any school.
How long does it take for a college to accept or reject you? âšThe average turnaround time for an admissions decision for schools with rolling admissions is four to six weeks, though in some cases students might have to wait longer. For regular decision candidates, the wait is more like eight to 12 weeks. Students handle that waiting period differently, experts say.
Which intake is best for Canada for international students? âšThe September or the fall intake is the most preferred semester in Canada. Generally, the application window opens in December and goes till March of the following year. Most of the top universities open slots for their top and popular courses in this intake.
What are the major intakes in Canada 2023? âš
There are three major intakes in Canada i.e. Fall, Winter, and Summer. The majority of international students apply for the Fall intake in Canada. In this article, we have given details about Canadian colleges open for September intake 2023 (also known as Fall Intake). Fall Intake in Canada has its own benefits.
Is it good to study in Canada in 2023? âšAcademic excellence
11 Canadian universities are able to manage to get a place in the top 250 ranking of QS world university rankings for the year 2023. The degree earned from a Canadian university is highly acclaimed and globally recognized.
...
Application Dates & Deadlines.
âTerm | Priority Application Filing Period* |
---|---|
âFall 2023 | October 1, 2022- November 30, 2022 |
âââSummer 2023 | February 1, 2023 - February 28, 2023 |
âSpring 2024 | ââAugust 1, 2023 â August 31, 2023 |
Winter 2024 | June 1, 2023 â June 30, 2023 + |
After you submit your admissions application, most Canadian schools take at least four to six weeks to assess your application, determine whether you qualify, and issue a Letter of Acceptance. However, for some schools, this process can take as long as two or three months.
How to study in Canada in 2023? âšIn India, you are required to apply for a study permit to study in Canada. We suggest that you apply for the student permit at least 4-6 months before your semester starts. The application may take approximately 35 working days to be processed. To apply for the study permit, you have to pay 150 CAD or Rs.
When to apply for Canada student visa for fall 2023? âšYou should apply for a student visa after you get the college acceptance letter. You should begin with the visa process around June if aiming at the September intake.
Are pharmacists well paid in Canada? âšAccording to Payscale, the average hourly wage of pharmacists in Canada is $45 CAD per hour. Pharmacy managers earn hourly wages of about $55 per hour.
What is the minimum qualification for pharmacist in Canada? âšIn general, to become a licensed pharmacist in Canada, you need: a bachelor's degree in Pharmacy from a Canadian University. to complete a national board examination through the Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada. practical experience through an apprenticeship or an internship program.
What is the lowest salary of pharmacist in Canada? âšThe average pharmacist salary in Canada is $95,550 per year or $49 per hour. Entry-level positions start at $80,287 per year, while most experienced workers make up to $147,729 per year.
How much fees for bachelor of pharmacy in Canada? âš...
Bachelors in Pharmacy in Canada: Course Highlights.
Program | BSc Pharmacology BSc Pharmaceutical Sciences |
---|---|
Average Salary | 65,000 CAD (40.13 lakh INR) |
How much does B Pharmacy pay in Canada? âš
...
Pharmacist Salaries.
Job Title | Salary |
---|---|
Pharmacist salaries - 299 salaries reported | CA$48/hr |
Pharmacist salaries - 90 salaries reported | CA$46/hr |
Academic preparation. It takes at least five years of university education to become a pharmacist: one or two years of an undergraduate program (with some science courses required), followed by a four-year professional degree pharmacy program.
How long is pharmacy residency in Canada? âšA hospital pharmacy residency program is typically a 12-month directed postgraduate learning experience. The UniversitÃĐ Laval and University of Montreal both offer university-based, clinical Masters Programs over an approximate 18-month period; these programs are accredited by the CPRB.
Is pharmacy a good career in Canada? âšYour employment prospects in Canada are excellent:
The majority of pharmacists work in the retail trade sector and the health care sector. Pharmacists can be employed by drugstores, hospitals and pharmaceutical firms. Some pharmacists are self employed and own their own pharmacy.
Choosing a Career in Pharmacy
The PharmD program is 4 years in length (3 years academic courses plus one year experiential) and follows two years of initial university study. All other Canadian universities that offered the BScPhm degree in the past are now offering the PharmD entry-to- practice degree.
Memorial University of Newfoundland
This is one of the cheapest university in Canada. Applicants into the pharmacy school must successfully complete ten prerequisite courses (or their equivalent at another institution) by May 1 on the year of admission.
Course | Bachelors in Pharmacy |
---|---|
Entrance Exams Required | IELTSâ 6.0- 7.0 TOEFLâ 90-100 SATâ 1200 above |
Tuition Fee | 23,000 USD to 57,000 USD per year (INR 18.92 Lakh â INR 46.90 Lakh) |
Career Prospects | Pharmacologist, Consultant Chemist, Oncology Pharmacist, Biomedical Scientist, |
Some famous PG diploma courses after BPharmacy in Canada are PG Diploma in pharmacy, Graduate certificate in Regulatory Affairs, PG diploma in Pharmacy technician etc.
Do pharmacists make a lot of money in Canada? âšAccording to Payscale, the average hourly wage of pharmacists in Canada is $45 CAD per hour. Pharmacy managers earn hourly wages of about $55 per hour.
How to become a pharmacist in Canada for international students? âš- Enroll with Pharmacists' Gateway Canada and apply for PEBC for the Document Evaluation and Evaluating exam. ...
- Pre-register with the College. ...
- Successfully complete the English Language Proficiency (ELP) ...
- Successfully complete the Jurisprudence Examination (JE)
Which Canadian university has the best pharmacy program? âš
- University of Toronto. ...
- University of British Columbia. ...
- McGill University. ...
- University of Alberta. ...
- University of Calgary. ...
- University of Montreal. ...
- University of Laval. ...
- University of Manitoba.
- Chief Pharmacist. Salary range: $176,500-$205,000 per year. ...
- Pharmacometrician. Salary range: $140,500-$162,500 per year. ...
- Pharmacy Informaticist. Salary range: $57,000-$159,000 per year. ...
- Pharmaceutical Physician. ...
- Registered Pharmacist. ...
- Inpatient Pharmacist. ...
- Long Term Care Pharmacist. ...
- Staff Pharmacist.
- Pharmacometrician. ...
- Pharmacist Manager. ...
- Pharmaceutical Physician. ...
- Hospital Pharmacist. ...
- Clinical Pharmacologist. ...
- Chief Pharmacist. ...
- Pharmacy Consultant. ...
- Pharmacy Informaticist.
Bachelor in pharmacy in the United States of America is an undergraduate program having a duration of two to three years that focuses on preparing students for various positions in healthcare treatment, prescription, and healthcare administration.
What is the entrance exam for pharmacy in Canada? âšQualifying Examination. The Qualifying Examination is the final step to achieving the PEBC Certificate of Qualification. The Qualifying Examination assesses candidates' competence (knowledge, skills and abilities) to practise pharmacy safely and effectively in an âentry-levelâ pharmacist position.
What is the demand for B pharmacists in Canada? âšFor Pharmacists, over the period 2022-2031, new job openings (arising from expansion demand and replacement demand) are expected to total 16,100 , while 20,000 new job seekers (arising from school leavers, immigration and mobility) are expected to be available to fill them.